20多年前，1991年12月25日，戈尔巴乔夫辞去苏联总统，宣布政府解散，并且解散了苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(苏联)，自1922年以来存在的一个庞大的共产主义帝国联盟。戈尔巴乔夫在1985年上任时，苏联已经经历了长期的经济停滞。为了改变这一状况，他推动了几项改革，包括经济上的改革和对外开放。这种对外的开放，使得抗议之门敞开，许多加盟国都有独立的要求和行动，这对苏联产生极大的威胁。在1991年8月，一些共产党里的具有分离主义思想的强硬派试图发动政变，因为大量市民的游行，他们的行动很快失败了，但这也使本就摇摇欲坠的政府更加的不稳定。1991年12月，16个苏联加盟共和国宣布独立，戈尔巴乔夫将权力移交给俄罗斯总统叶利钦，结束了苏联 。这里收集的是从20多年前的那些骚乱年月的照片。
1A woman reaches into her bag, which rests on a fallen Soviet hammer-and-sickle on a Moscow street in 1991..
在1991年一个妇女在莫斯科街道上的一个倒下的苏联镰刀和锤子上，手伸进她的袋子里。
2.Lithuanians carry Lithuanian flags in the center of Vilnius on January 10, 1990, during demonstration asking for the countryp~ps independence. In early 1990, Sajudis-Reform Movement of Lithuania backed candidates won the elections to the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet. On March 11, 1990, the Supreme Soviet proclaimed the re-establishment of Lithuanian independence. The Baltic republics were in forefront of the struggle for independence and Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare independence.2.1990年1月10日，在为国家的独立游行的运动中，立陶宛人带着国旗在首都宛维尔纽斯市中心。1990年初，Sajudis改革运动立陶宛支持的候选人赢得了立陶宛最高苏维埃的选举。1990年3月11日，最高苏维埃宣布重新建立的立陶宛独立。波罗的海共和国走在了争取独立斗争的前列，立陶宛是苏联加盟共和国中第一个宣布独立的。
3.Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, center, in animated conversation with residents of Vilnius, Lithuania, on Thursday, January 11, 1990. Gorbachev was in the Lithuanian capital to press for reversal of the local communist partyp~ps decision to split from Moscow and to slow the republicp~ps drive for complete independence.
3.1990年1月11日，星期四，苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫在立陶宛维尔纽斯市中心与当地市民交谈。戈尔巴乔夫在立陶宛首都迫切想要劝服本地的共产党收回从莫斯科脱离的决定，并且向减缓这个国家完全独立的脚步。
4.A crowd blocks the passage of Soviet tanks on a road near Ganja, formerly Kirovabad, in Soviet Azerbaijan, on January 22, 1990. Troops sent into the area last week to quell ethnic violence met both armed and peaceful resistance.
4.1990年1月22日，在阿塞拜疆苏维埃社会主义共和国，过去的阿塞拜疆，靠近甘家的路上，人们挡住了苏联坦克前进的道路。上周部队被指派到该地区，以平息当地的种族骚乱，但同时遇到了武装和和平抵抗。
5.People buy teacups in the Vilnius downtown shop on Friday, April 27, 1990. Despite an economic blockade of Lithuania by Soviet forces, shops in Vilnius are well supplied with food and other goods as Lithuania entered the 10th day of a blockade.
5.1990年4月27日，星期五，人们在维尔纽斯市中心的商店里购买茶杯。尽管遭到了苏联的经济封锁，但在维尔纽斯市的商店里还是供应着充足的食物和其他商品，这时已经被封锁了十天了。
6.Residents face a cordon of Soviet Interior Ministry troops in front of the local Communist Party Headquarters in the Tajikistan capital of Dushanbe, on February 15, 1990. Soviet authorities declared a state of emergency in the city, following ethnic rioting.6.1990年2月15日,在塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别的共产党总部前，本地居民与苏联内务部军队对峙中。在发生种族骚乱后，苏联宣布这座城市进入紧急状态。
7.Two Soviet paratroopers inspect weapons confiscated from a local militia organization in Kaunas, Lithuania on Sunday, March 26, 1990. Soviet President Gorbachev ordered all Lithuanians to surrender their firearms to Soviet authorities.
7.1990年3月26日(星期日)在立陶宛考纳斯，两个苏联伞兵检查从当地民兵组织收缴的武器。苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫下令所有的立陶宛人向苏联当局交出他们的武器。
8.Soviet mothers who lost their sons in the Red Army are held back by State militia as they hold photographs of their loved ones in Red Square, on Monday, December 24, 1990. A group of about 200 Soviet parents who have all lost sons through ethnic violence and accidents within the Soviet armed services demonstrated outside the Kremlin. 6,000 Soviet service men were killed during 1990.
8.1990年12月24日(星期一)，在红场，一位失去儿子的苏联母亲被民兵阻挡，她的手上拿着她的儿子的照片。由于在种族骚乱中克里姆林宫外的武装警察也参与了其中所以大约有200多名父母他们都失去了他们的儿子.在1990年大约有6000多名苏联军人被杀害。
9.About 100,000 demonstrators march on the Kremlin in Moscow on January 20, 1991. Many called for the resignation of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev protesting against the Soviet army crackdown against the nationalist Lithuanian authorities. Lithuania had been the first Baltic Republic to proclaim its independence in March 1990.
9.1991年1月20日在莫斯科的克里姆林宫外，大约有10万人举行了示威游行。他们呼吁参与镇压立陶宛独立的总统戈尔巴乔夫辞职。立陶宛在1990年3月宣布独立，他是首个宣布独立的波罗的海国家。
10.Soviet soldiers patrol an emptied Red Square in Moscow, on March 27, 1991, after the area had been blocked off in anticipation of a pro-Yeltsin rally.
10.1991年3月27日，两位苏联士兵在空荡的红场巡逻。由于预期到这里将会举行支持叶利钦的集会游行，所以当局提前封锁了红场。
11.Anti-Soviet political graffiti filled an entire wall in Vilnius on January 17, 1991. The wall surrounding the Lithuanian parliament was erected to defend against a possible raid by Soviet troops. Many Soviet army deserters pinned their draft cards to a defaced poster of President Mikhail Gorbachev.
11.1991年1月17日在维尔纽斯的整面墙上到处都是反抗苏联的涂鸦。这面环绕着立陶宛议会的围墙是为了阻挡可能到来的苏联军队的袭击的。许多苏联的逃兵都把他们对戈尔巴乔夫的诅咒卡片贴在这面墙上。
12.In this photo taken on January 13, 1991, a Lithuanian demonstrator runs in front of a Soviet Red Army tank during an assault on the Lithuanian Radio and Television station in Vilnius. Soviet troops opened fire on unarmed civilians in Vilnius, killing 13 people and injuring 100 others.
12.这张照片摄于1991年1月13日，在对维尔纽斯立陶宛广播电台和电视台的攻击中，一位立陶宛的示威者在苏联坦克前奔跑。苏联军队向手无寸铁的市民开火，造成了13人死亡100多人受伤。
13.An armed Lithuanian volunteer guard wakes up as his fellow compatriot slept in Vilnius, Lithuania, on January 23, 1991. Hundreds of gunmen held vigil in the heavily fortified Lithuanian parliament while Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev urged all Baltic republics to prevent further violence.
13.1991年1月23日在立陶宛首都维尔纽斯，一位武装的立陶宛民兵在警戒中，他的同伴正在熟睡。数百名枪手在戒备森严的立陶宛议守夜，与此同时苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫警告所有波罗的海国家预防进一步的暴力活动。
14.Pall-bearers carry a flag-draped casket during a funeral procession through Vilnius, on January 16, 1991, for 10 of the 13 people killed when Soviet troops stormed the Lithuanian broadcast center the previous weekend. Hundreds of thousands of Lithuanians jammed the procession route to mourn their national heroes.
14.1991年1月16日，在一个横穿维尔纽斯的送葬队伍中，佩尔贝瑞肩扛着一个覆盖国旗的灵柩。上周末苏联军队冲进了立陶宛广播中心打死了十三人中的十个。成千上万的立陶宛人聚集在游行队伍里，悼念他们的民族英雄。
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