Russia is accelerating the modernization of its nu

#accelerate#modernization#nuclear As one of the world's major nuclear powers, Russia has always taken nuclear force as the most reliable guarantee to safeguard national security, deter aggression, balance the US and NATO and prevent war from escalating. In recent years, in the face of strategic containment and provocation by the United States, Russia has made the development of strategic nuclear forces a priority in its equipment development and pushed forward the modernization of the "trinity" of nuclear forces. It plans to make modern nuclear weapons account for more than 88 percent by the end of 2021. At the same time, driven by "great power competition" and scientific and technological revolution, the development of Russia's nuclear force also presents some new trends and features.The United States and NATO continue to create tension around Russia, the acceleration of the development of anti-missile system by the United States has impacted on the strategic stability of Russia and the United States, the serious aging of Russian nuclear weapons and the limitation of the number of nuclear weapons by the New Start Treaty between Russia and the United States are the main background for the acceleration of the renewal of Russian nuclear Arsenal in recent years. The potential threat posed by the United States and NATO to Russia is becoming increasingly serious. In recent years, NATO, led by the United States, has continued to implement a strategic containment policy against Russia, continuously strengthening the deployment of troops around Russia, and continuously squeezing Russia's strategic space. Moreover, the US is speeding up the deployment of a global missile defense system in Europe, actively developing a global quick-strike system, developing long-range hypersonic weapons, and advancing the modernization, miniaturization, practical use and intelligence of nuclear weapons. This series of actions made Russia deeply aware that the strategic balance between Russia and the United States has faced the trend of being broken. In the case that conventional forces cannot compete effectively with the United States and NATO, updating nuclear Arsenal has become an inevitable choice for Russia to maintain national security and strategic stability.Soviet-style old equipment is nearing its service life and needs to be updated. After the founding of Russia, inherited most of the Soviet Union's strategic nuclear weapons. Multiple intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic nuclear submarines and strategic bombers were all developed by the Soviet Union. With the passage of time, these old equipment has gradually approached the service life. This forces the Russian military to cut or modernize the old equipment as soon as possible, or develop new nuclear weapons to replace the old equipment, to ensure that strategic nuclear forces can normally shoulder combat readiness duty and play an effective role of nuclear deterrence.The United States is trying to neutralize Russia's strategic forces. Under the relevant ARMS control treaty between the United States and Russia, the number of deployable nuclear warheads on both sides has been reduced by about three quarters from their peak, and the number of delivery vehicles has been reduced by half. In the case of the reduction of nuclear weapons, the United States is actively developing a global anti-missile system in an attempt to suppress Russia's strategic forces. In order to ensure strategic balance, the Russian military attaches great importance to fundamentally improving the quality of nuclear weapons, giving priority to the development of nuclear weapons that can break through the US missile defense system, and at the same time emphasizing the "efficient cost ratio", upgrading some old models with prospects, so as to realize the orderly replacement of new and old weapons.In the process of promoting the modernization of the "trinity" nuclear force, the Russian military has its own remarkable characteristics in developing nuclear weapons, improving the performance of nuclear weapons and adjusting the structure of nuclear forces in combination with its national conditions and military conditions. Using the "asymmetric" balance theory to guide the research and development of new mace equipment. Under the background of the continuous development of new military science and technology, the Russian army pays special attention to the enabling effect of new and high technology on asymmetric warfare. In the research and development of new and high-tech strategic weapons, the Russian military continues to increase investment, constantly research and development and application of hypersonic, autonomous unmanned systems and artificial intelligence and other disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading of nuclear weapons, in order to obtain asymmetric advantages. The Vanguard strategic missile developed by Russia flies at a speed of more than Mach 20 and has large maneuverability. It can approach the target from any direction and at different altitudes, effectively evading the detection of enemy anti-missile systems and achieving rapid stealth and penetration. "Poseidon" unmanned underwater vehicle has excellent stealth performance, can autonomous deep-water navigation for long periods, can carry a 2 megaton yield nuclear warhead, enough to destroy enemy large coastal cities, naval bases and aircraft carrier groups. The new intercontinental ballistic missile yars of the Russian military has advanced performance by using the independent guided multiple warhead technology, ballistic orbit change technology, active electronic jamming technology and infrared jamming technology. Giving top priority to enhancing the survivability of strategic nuclear forces. In order to ensure effective nuclear deterrence capability and effective counterattack and counter-attack in the event of aggression, the Russian military has taken multiple measures to improve the survivability of its strategic nuclear force while promoting the modernization of nuclear weapons. These measures include increasing the proportion of mobile ICBMs deployed, strengthening nuclear warheads, delivery vehicles and launchers against nuclear weapons, concealment and dispersion of battlefield layout, and enhancing the rapid reaction capability of nuclear forces through routine exercises and training. The Yang-M Yars ballistic missile adopts a unique multi-layered shell technology, which can effectively shield the radiation energy of nuclear electromagnetic pulses. The Russian navy is also building reinforced concrete forts for strategic nuclear submarines in Places like Vilyuchinsk and North Morsk that can withstand artillery shells, missiles and even nuclear strikes.Emphasis should be placed on improving the system of nuclear forces that places equal emphasis on land and sea and complement with air. The "trinity" strategic nuclear forces of the Russian military each have its own characteristics and complement each other. Currently, 52 percent of Russia's nuclear warheads are deployed on land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, about 35 percent are deployed on nuclear submarines, and the remaining 13 percent are deployed on heavy bombers. In recent years, the Russian military has adjusted the composition of its nuclear force in accordance with changes in external threats and the current situation of national strength. On the basis of maintaining the dominant position of land-based nuclear force, the Russian military has continuously increased the proportion of its sea-based nuclear force while maintaining the steady development of its air-based nuclear force. It is reported that Russia may increase the proportion of sea-based strategic nuclear forces in its "trinity" strategic nuclear force to 70 percent by 2050. In the future, the Russian military will continue to promote the modernization process of the "Trinity" nuclear force, accelerate the proportion of new strategic nuclear weapons, enable the conventional tactical missiles of all services to have the ability to carry tactical nuclear warheads, and actively promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in nuclear weapons. Accelerate the development of new nuclear weapons. The Russian military will continue to develop and deploy new nuclear weapons as the backbone of its future nuclear Arsenal. On the land-based side, the newly developed Sarmat heavy liquid ICBM will replace the Governor ICBM, and the development of cedar, a new strategic missile system, has also been launched. In the aspect of sea-based, the North Wind a-class strategic nuclear submarine is being accelerated to be installed in the navy fleet, and will become the main body of sea-based strategic nuclear force in the future. In terms of air base, pak-DA fifth-generation strategic bomber will replace Tu-95MS and Tu-160 bombers. Russia also plans to develop and produce the sixth generation strategic bomber by 2040. Actively develop tactical nuclear weapons and nuclear and conventional dual-use weapons. Tactical nuclear weapons are relatively small in explosive yield, but flexible and lightweight, with high hitting accuracy, and more practical than strategic nuclear weapons. The United States actively develops miniaturized nuclear weapons. It has developed and deployed b61-12 space-based tactical nuclear warheads and W76-2 low-yield submarine-launched missile nuclear warheads. Against this background, the Russian military also attaches great importance to the development of tactical nuclear weapons, and promotes the development of some nuclear weapons in the direction of dual-use. At present, Russia's Onyx calibre anti-ship missile, Dagger hypersonic missile, KH-101 cruise missile and Iskander 9M729 cruise missile are all capable of carrying tactical nuclear warheads. In the future, the scale of Russian tactical nuclear Arsenal may continue to expand. Promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in nuclear weapons. To seize the intelligence heights in the military field, Russia has issued policy documents such as Unmanned System Equipment Plan of the Russian Army until 2025 and The Development status and Application Prospects of ARTIFICIAL Intelligence in the military field, attaching great importance to the application of artificial intelligence technology in strategic weapons. For example, developing robots to protect road-mobile missile systems; The application of intelligent skin on the fifth generation strategic bomber so that the pilot can observe the surrounding environment without hindrance; The sixth generation strategic bomber will be unmanned and can carry laser weapons, electromagnetic weapons and hypersonic missiles.